廣大金剛法界宮

認識《大日經》04 Understanding the Mahāvairocana Sūtra – Part 04

不空師父/文 Written by Master BuKong

《大日經》的開頭：「如是我聞。一時。薄伽梵住如來加持。廣大金剛法界宮...。」雖說這是《大日經》經的開頭格式，但梵文原本沒有這個完整的開頭格式。 The Mahāvairocana Sūtra begins with: “Thus have I heard. At one time, the Bhagavān abided in the empowerment of the Tathāgata, within the Vast Vajra Dharma Realm Palace...” Although this follows the standard introductory formula of sutras, the original Sanskrit version did not contain this complete format.

善無畏阿闍黎曾解釋說：「《毘盧遮那大本》原來有十萬偈，因為太長不易流通，過去傳法的聖者就挑選重點，編成大約三千多偈頌。文義大致具備，但因不是原本完整的大經正本，所以沒有採用正式的開頭。但我們現在依譯經的程序補上，並不影響義理。」 The Ācārya Śubhakarasiṃha once explained: “The original Vairocana Mahā Sūtra consisted of one hundred thousand verses. Because of its great length and difficulty in transmission, past Dharma masters selected and compiled the essential portions into a text of around three thousand verses. Although the core meanings are mostly complete, as it is not the full and original scripture, it did not use the formal introduction. However, when translating, we now add the conventional opening according to translation procedure, which does not harm the doctrinal integrity.”

有關「薄伽梵」一詞，論師們解釋有六種意思。在真言宗中，「薄伽梵」是指「能破」，好比一人拿著利器，便能摧伏很多障礙。 Regarding the term Bhagavān, ancient commentators have given six interpretations. In the Shingon tradition (Mantrayāna), Bhagavān is understood as “the one who breaks through,” like a person wielding a sharp weapon who is able to destroy many obstacles.

佛教中本來沒有這個稱呼，是人們根據世尊用大智慧的光明，破除無明煩惱，所以叫稱他「能破者」，即「薄伽梵」。 This title was not originally part of Buddhist terminology; it arose because the World-Honored One uses the great light of wisdom to dispel ignorance and afflictions. Thus, people came to call him “the one who destroys,” that is, Bhagavān.

《大智度論》也說「婆伽」是「破」的意思，「婆」是「能破」。能破除貪、瞋、癡三毒，所以稱為「婆伽婆」。 The Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra also states that bhaga means “to destroy,” and va means “the one who destroys.” Since the Buddha can destroy the three poisons of greed, anger, and delusion, he is called Bhagavān.

小乘聖者雖然能破除煩惱，但不徹底，就像裝香的器皿，還會有餘味；又像草木燒過，灰炭還殘留。如來的智慧就像劫火，能完全燒盡煩惱習氣，沒有一絲殘留，這是真正的「婆伽婆」。 Although practitioners of the lesser vehicle can also destroy afflictions, they do not do so completely—like a container that held incense still retains its scent, or burned wood that leaves behind ashes and charcoal. The Tathāgata’s wisdom is like the fire of a cosmic aeon, which entirely burns away afflictions and habitual tendencies without leaving a trace. This is the true meaning of Bhagavān.

另外，《帝釋聲論》中說「薄伽」也有「女人」的意思，但不是指凡俗女性而是象徵般若，行者若得與般若智慧相應，便能息除內心一切煩惱。 Additionally, the Devatāsvara-vyākaraṇa explains that bhaga can also mean “woman,” but this does not refer to an ordinary woman. Rather, it symbolizes prajñā—wisdom. When a practitioner aligns with prajñā, all inner afflictions are naturally pacified.

對此，金剛頂宗的系統也是這麼解釋的，說「女人」就是般若佛母。在密教系統中，很多詞彙採用「隱語」進行表達，以保護法義的傳遞。 The Vajraśekhara system also interprets “woman” as representing the Prajñāpāramitā, the Mother of Buddhas. In the esoteric Buddhist tradition, many terms are expressed using “twilight language” (secret or symbolic language), in order to protect the sacred teachings.

一般在經文中「薄伽梵」常譯為「世尊」，這是總括讚歎佛德的稱呼。印度語法習慣談到尊者時，通常不會直接稱呼名字，而是先稱讚他的德行，比如「大智舍利弗」、「神通目犍連」、「頭陀大迦葉」、「持律優婆離」等等。 In most sutras, Bhagavān is translated as “World-Honored One” (Shìzūn), a general honorific praising the Buddha’s virtues. In Indian linguistic tradition, one does not call a noble person directly by name, but instead precedes the name with praise of their qualities—such as “Great Wisdom Śāriputra,” “Miraculous Power Maudgalyāyana,” “Ascetic Mahākāśyapa,” or “Precepts Master Upāli.”

但《大日經》經中說的「薄伽梵」，是指「毘盧遮那法身」，「如來」則是因「法身」所化現需要的依止之身。 However, in the Mahāvairocana Sūtra, the term Bhagavān refers specifically to Vairocana’s Dharmakāya, the Dharma Body. The term Tathāgata then refers to the emanational form that arises as the support or manifestation of the Dharma Body.

「法身」亦作為所有諸佛依止的本體，正因為這是從無處不在的加持力量中顯現，因此「所化的依止身」與「能化的法身」互為依存，無二無別。 The Dharma Body is the fundamental reality upon which all Buddhas rely. Since it manifests through the omnipresent power of empowerment (adhiṣṭhāna), the manifested support body (nirmāṇakāya) and the Dharma Body (dharmakāya) are mutually dependent, inseparable, and nondual.

這種大自在神通力，是為了方便眾生，能見到毘廬遮那的身密色身、聽到口密語音、悟到意密心法，這就是「薄伽梵住如來加持」的意思。 This great autonomous power is manifested for the sake of sentient beings, allowing them to perceive Vairocana’s esoteric body of form, hear his secret speech, and realize his inner teachings of mind. This is the meaning of “The Bhagavān abided in the empowerment of the Tathāgata.”

但加持當有個所在，故對象即是「廣大金剛法界宮」。 Yet this empowerment must have a location or field of manifestation—thus it is described as the “Vast Vajra Dharma Realm Palace.”

金剛象徵實相的智慧，超越語言與心思的界限，沒有開始與結束，不會消失也無法破壞，所以稱為「金剛」。 The vajra symbolizes the wisdom of ultimate reality—beyond the bounds of language and thought, without beginning or end, unceasing and indestructible. Hence, it is called “vajra.”

「法界宮」是指金剛智慧所莊嚴之地，是真實功德的所在，不可思議的處所境界。 The “Dharma Realm Palace” refers to the domain adorned by vajra-like wisdom—a realm of genuine merit and an inconceivable place of awakened presence.

Translated into English by ChatGPT.